{"id":1277,"date":"2018-06-27T17:43:54","date_gmt":"2018-06-27T21:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/?post_type=fdoc-nutrition-page&#038;p=1277"},"modified":"2021-02-08T20:54:38","modified_gmt":"2021-02-09T01:54:38","slug":"cognitive-function","status":"publish","type":"fdoc-nutrition-page","link":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/health-nutrition\/florida-oj-health-benefits\/cognitive-function\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain Health and Florida Orange Juice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#ff8220\"><strong>Nutrition is important<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Florida Orange Juice has several nutrients and plant compounds\nthat are part of a healthy, balanced diet for brain health:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Flavonoids, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/health-nutrition\/nutritional-information\/hesperidin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Hesperidin in Florida Orange Juice\">hesperidin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/health-nutrition\/nutritional-information\/vitamin-c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Vitamin C and Florida Orange Juice\">Vitamin C<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/health-nutrition\/nutritional-information\/thiamin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Thiamin and Florida Orange Juice\">Thiamin<\/a>\u00a0 (vitamin B1)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/health-nutrition\/nutritional-information\/vitamin-b6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Vitamin B6 in Florida Orange Juice\">Vitamin B6<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>Florida Orange Juice provides more nutrition than you may\nexpect. Among many other nutrients, Florida OJ is rich in vitamin C, which is\nan antioxidant<sup>1<\/sup> and it\u2019s also packed with bioactive nutrients\nthat are being studied for their role in brain health and cognitive function. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-fdoc-image-and-text layout-image-left\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-fdoc-image-and-text__image micro-cropped\" src=\"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2019\/08\/image-6.png\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-fdoc-image-and-text__container\"><div class=\"wp-block-fdoc-image-and-text__content text-left text-middle citrus-pink\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-fdoc-image-and-text__heading\">The nutrients in Florida Orange Juice are being studied for their role in brain health and cognition. <\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Nutrition Research Corner for Health Professionals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A clinical study in healthy older adults reported that adults who consumed 100% orange juice scored better on combined tests for global cognitive function compared to the control group.<sup>2<\/sup> In another study, orange juice with orange pomace added (to increase the fiber and flavonoid content of the juice) was shown to benefit psychomotor speed, attention\/executive function and subjective alertness in healthy overweight or obese men.<sup>3<\/sup> The consumption of citrus fruit and orange juice was associated with better performance on some cognitive tests in a study of older Norwegian adults.<sup>4<\/sup> Furthermore, improvement on the DSST test (which measures processing speed, attention, switching and other cognitive functions) was also seen in young adults after consuming 100 percent citrus juice; increased blood flow to an area of the brain related to these functions was also observed in a separate study.<sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0A large cohort study reported that drinking orange juice may be associated with a lower risk of memory loss over time in men.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Flavonoids<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Flavonoids can cross the blood-brain barrier that the body uses to protect the brain from harmful or damaging agents.<sup>7,8<\/sup> Flavonoids found in citrus, specifically hesperidin and naringenin, may help maintain cell health in brain tissue as they appear to cross the blood-brain barrier to the greatest extent.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.org\/oj\/health-nutrition\/orange-juice-health-benefits\/cognitive-function\/#references\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> Flavonoids may reduce inflammation and maintain or improve blood flow to the brain which could have positive effects on cognition.<sup>5,7-10<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A clinical study in healthy older adults reported that adults who consumed 100% orange juice scored better on combined tests for global cognitive function compared to the control group.<sup>6<\/sup> In another study, orange juice with orange pomace added (to increase the fiber and flavonoid content of the juice) was shown to benefit psychomotor speed, attention\/executive function and subjective alertness in healthy overweight or obese men.<sup>3<\/sup> The consumption of citrus fruit and orange juice was associated with better performance on some cognitive tests in a study of older Norwegian adults.<sup>4<\/sup> Furthermore, improvement on the DSST test (which measures processing speed, attention, switching and other cognitive functions) was also seen in young adults after consuming 100 percent citrus juice; increased blood flow to an area of the brain related to these functions was also observed in a separate study.<sup>5<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The flavonoid hesperidin is highly concentrated in citrus and rarely found in other foods, making orange juice a unique source of this flavonoid.<sup>11<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Vitamin C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vitamin C is concentrated in cerebral spinal fluid and in the brain;<sup>12-14<\/sup> thus, vitamin C may play a role in brain health.<sup>12<\/sup> However, the precise role that vitamin C plays on cognition is unknown.<sup>15<\/sup> Some studies report higher vitamin C levels to be associated with better cognitive function, while others do not.<sup>12,14,15<\/sup> While research regarding the use of vitamin C on brain health is inconclusive, vitamin C may have a protective effect on brain aging, particularly in the elderly with insufficient vitamin C status.<sup>12,15<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>100% orange juice contains more than 100% of the Daily Value of vitamin C in an 8-ounce (250ml) glass. <sup>16<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Thiamin (B1)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Thiamin deficiency affects the nervous system and can cause memory loss, confusion, dementia, and other nervous system issues.<sup>17-19<\/sup> Lower amounts of thiamin and thiamin-dependent enzymes in the blood and brain have also been reported in several studies of elderly patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<sup>17,18<\/sup> Few and inconsistent studies have been performed on the effects of thiamin on improving cognition and preventing dementia; however, thiamin may play a beneficial role in brain health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Vitamin B6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Research suggests vitamin B6 may play a role in brain health. Early studies in animals and adult humans have shown reduced neurotransmitters and abnormal EEGs (electroencephalograms) with vitamin B6 depletion.<sup>19<\/sup> Case reports describe clinical symptoms of B6 deficiency to include depression and confusion.<sup>19,20<\/sup> Few observational studies report associations between low B6 and other B vitamins and cognitive decline, but due to other factors within the studies, these results are not conclusive.<sup>20<\/sup> Therefore, the role of vitamin B6 and cognition is still unclear and an ongoing area of research.<sup>19,20<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An 8-ounce glass of 100% orange juice has 8% of the Daily Value for vitamin B6.<sup>16<\/sup>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sub>*Values based on a 2000 calorie diet. Nutrient values may vary based on manufacturer, brand and product types.<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-fdoc-references\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-fdoc-references__heading\">References<\/h2><ol class=\"wp-block-fdoc-references__list\"><li> Canadian Food Inspection Agency (2018, May 11): Nutrient Function Claims. Retrieved June 12, 2019 from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.inspection.gc.ca\/food\/general-food-requirements-and-guidance\/labelling\/for-industry\/health-claims\/eng\/1392834838383\/1392834887794?chap=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.inspection.gc.ca\/food\/general-food-requirements-and-guidance\/labelling\/for-industry\/health-claims\/eng\/1392834838383\/1392834887794?chap=9<\/a> <\/li><li> Kean et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(3):506-514. <\/li><li> Alharbi et al. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(6):2021-2029. <\/li><li> Nurk et al. Br J Nutr. 2010;104:1190-1201. <\/li><li> Lamport et al. Br J Nutr. 2017;116(12):2160-2168. <\/li><li> Yuan et al. Neurology. 2019; 92(1):e63-e75.  <\/li><li> Spencer et al. Mol Aspects of Med. 2012;33(1):83-97. <\/li><li> Jaeger et al. Mol Aspects Med. 2017. In press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2017.11.003  <\/li><li>Joseph et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(3):419-444. <\/li><li>Francis et al. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 S2:215-220. <\/li><li>Bhagwat S, Haytowitz D. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods Release 3.2. In. Beltsville, MD: Unites States Department of Agriculture; 2015 <\/li><li>Travica et al. Nutrients. 2017;9(960) doi:10.3390\/nu9090960. <\/li><li> Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Vitamin C. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2000:95-185. <\/li><li> Alrt et al. Neurochem Res. 2012;37(12):2706-2714. <\/li><li> Vitamin C. Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University. http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/vitamins\/vitamin-C <\/li><li> USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 (slightly revised). US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory; May 2016. https:\/\/ndb.nal.usda.gov\/ndb\/ <\/li><li> Thiamin. Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University. <a href=\"http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/vitamins\/thiamin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/vitamins\/thiamin<\/a> <\/li><li> Thiamin. Health Sheet for Professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements. National Institutes of Health.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Thiamin-HealthProfessional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Thiamin-HealthProfessional\/<\/a> <\/li><li> Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Recommended Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences; 1998:58-83. <\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nutrition is important! Florida Orange Juice has several nutrients and plant compounds that are part of a healthy, balanced diet for brain health: Flavonoids, such as hesperidin Vitamin C Thiamin\u00a0 (vitamin B1) Vitamin B6\u00a0 Florida Orange Juice provides more nutrition than you may expect. Among many other nutrients, Florida OJ is rich in vitamin C, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1830,"parent":1274,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"fdoc_resource_category_id":"","fdoc_news_category_id":"","fdoc_growers_feed_title":""},"nutrition-categories":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nutrition-pages\/1277"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nutrition-pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fdoc-nutrition-page"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nutrition-pages\/1277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2389,"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nutrition-pages\/1277\/revisions\/2389"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nutrition-pages\/1274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"fdoc-nutrition-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.floridacitrus.ca\/oj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nutrition-categories?post=1277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}